The Great Necropolis--Atlanta's Westview Cemetery

The Atlanta Metro Area sprawls over an immense area that officially covers a large portion of Georgia and includes a small portion of neighboring Alabama. Of its great cemeteries, only Westview matches that sprawling nature. This immense cemetery holds the record as the largest in the Southeast at 582 acres, of which only about half has actually been developed. It currently holds nearly 100,000 interments and far outpaces Atlanta's other great cemetery, Oakland, which is a mere 48 acres and contains around 70,000 interments.

A row of mausolea with the crenellated water tower in the background.
Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Looking towards one of the many hills. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV,
all rights reserved.

Looking down one of the many hills. Photo 2011, by Lewis
Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Looking towards one of the more well-to-do sections from the
potter's field. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Unlike Oakland, which has been celebrated for its history, architecture and importance, Westview hasn't received as much acclaim. Oakland has been the subject of a few books while Westview remains a quiet giant in the background. Interestingly, both cemeteries played parts in the Civil War as battles raged around the city. From a house atop a hill near the small municipal cemetery that was the original six acres of Oakland, General John Bell Hood directed Confederate forces during the battle of Atlanta. It was also the Civil War that caused Oakland's first major expansion when a place to bury Confederate dead was needed. Oakland has since grown to occupy the farm house where Bell stayed which was replaced with a building containing the sexton's office and living quarters and marked with a bell tower used to summon workers.

The land now occupied by Westview Cemetery, however, was the scene of actual fighting. On the 28th of July 1864, as the Union Army under General Sherman vied to take control of Atlanta, thus seizing the heart of the Confederacy, a portion of the Army of the Tennessee under General O.O. Howard was ordered to seize and cut the railroad as it entered the western side of the city. The armies engaged near a small chapel called Ezra Church. Though the Confederate forces failed to repulse the Union attack, the army did not cut the western railroad. When Westview Cemetery was created in 1884, it incorporated some of the Confederate trenches and later a monument was built to those who died there.

The Confederate section from the rear. Those buried
in this section are Confederate veterans who died years
after the war. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights
reserved.

The graves of Confederate veterans are arranged in a circular
pattern arround the monument. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV,
all rights reserved.

Near the Confederate section is a crenellated water tower.
Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

The water tower looking up from the base. Photo 2011, by Lewis
Powell IV, all rights reserved.

A private corporation created Westview in 1884 and built a large gatehouse. The cemetery became a popular burial place for Atlanta's elite families: governors, politicians and businessmen with names like Dorsey, Woodruff, Grady, Hartsfield, Allen, Candler, Eggleston, Rhodes and Haverty. Since that time, the list has included sports stars and even rappers. In 1943, the cemetery constructed what is perhaps the largest mausoleum in the world in the center of the cemetery. Referred to as "The Abbey," this expansive Venetian-style structure contains space for over 11,000 burials plus a chapel and space for family visitation. The magnificent three-story building is highlighted with stained glass, murals, mosaics, ironwork and ornate stone work.

Looking towards the Abbey from the cemetery. Photo 2011,
by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved. 

An exuberant facade. The architect incorporated the Georgia
state seal and the Atlanta city seal into this design. Photo 2011,
by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Looking into the loggia from a side window. This is underneath the
face pictured above. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Inside the loggia. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV,
all rights reserved.

The Abbey's belltower. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all
rights reserved.

The porte cochere. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all
rights reserved.

A different facade. Under this loggia is a mosaic depicting
the risen Christ. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights
reserved.

A tower window. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights
reserved.

Plaques around the building are carved with quotes
regarding death. This quote is from William Cullen
Bryant's poem, Thanatopsis. Photo 2011, by Lewis
Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Unfortunately when I visited, the Abbey was closed, though the signs said it was open until 4:30 PM. I was, however, blown away by the enormous cemetery and some of its remarkable monuments. I was guided by a good friend, Benjamin Lewis, who has gotten to know the cemetery quite well. His introduction to this massive location came as he was looking for the burial location of his great-great grandfather who was hanged as a criminal and then buried in an unmarked grave in the potter's field section of the cemetery. Certainly it was interesting to see the huge shifts in the cemetery between the graves of industrial and commercial barons and the humble of the potter's field, the massive monuments and then the lowly and sometimes unmarked graves of the less well-off. In his rambles through the cemetery, Ben had also stumbled on the grave of Thurman Cain, brother of recent GOP presidential candidate, Herman Cain, a native of Atlanta.

Two graves were of particular interest to me, those of Robert Shaw and Joel Chandler Harris. Shaw, longtime conductor of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and one of the greatest choral conductors and arrangers of the 20th century, is buried in a simply marked grave next to his wife. I had the honor of singing the Mozart Requiem under him a couple years before his death and it was an enlightening experience. Lacrimosa dies illa. 

Robert Shaw's simple marker.

Joel Chandler Harris' grave consists of a large, rough-hewn boulder with a bronze plaque and a bas-relief likeness of the master storyteller. Harris, a journalist, collected and published stories he heard from slaves and former slaves. Known as the "Uncle Remus" stories, these stories are the descendants of African folktales and they have enshrined characters like Br'er Rabbit, Br'er Fox and Br'er Bear into the pantheon of beloved, yet also vilified, characters. Some African-Americans consider the stories, which are written to imitate the dialect of the slaves, to be offensive and racist. Harris has also been accused of cultural theft while others argue that his publishing of these stories was an act of cultural subversion. Regardless, his home, The Wren's Nest, has been preserved as a museum not far from Westview and his stories continue to be told there and throughout the South.

Joel Chandler Harris' great boulder. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV,
all rights reserved.

With my interest in the paranormal, I did a quick search for ghost tales from Westview, but alas, I could find none. With Westview's tremendous history, it would be no surprise that a few shades are still wafting about the corridors of the Abbey or down the lanes of Atlanta's sprawling necropolis.

My thanks to Benjamin Lewis for sharing this treasure with me.

Sources
National Park Service. "Battle Summary: Ezra Church." Accessed 24 December
     2011.
Westview Cemetery. "The History of Westview." Accessed 24 December 2011.
Westview Cemetery. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed 24 December 2011.

The Crumbling Mausoleum--Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, South Carolina

Magnolia Cemetery
70 Cunnington Boulevard
Charleston, South Carolina


First off, forgive the long period of not posting, I've started a new job and my time for writing and research as well as visiting cemeteries has been cut significantly.

I'm on vacation this week and have had the chance to visit a few marvelous cemeteries. In Charleston I've revisited Magnolia Cemetery and Bethany Cemetery right next door. Walking along one of the drives in Magnolia I encountered the White Mausoleum. It's located on a row of marvelous mausolea including the wonderful, Egyptian-revival styles Vanderhorst mausoleum. I didn't see a date on the structure and the tablet inside doesn't appear inscribed, if it is, I didn't venture too far inside to read it, for obvious reasons. Just guesstimating, I would say the mausoleum is at least mid-19th century, possibly not long after the cemetery's founding in 1850. Sadly, the building is crumbling.

The mausoleum was constructed of brick that was faced with stone. Some of that stone has fallen away to reveal the handmade bricks underneath. Perhaps the most interesting detail revealed by the deterioration of this monument is the chamber underneath the floor. At some point in recent history the floor of the mausoleum has collapsed revealing the actual burial chamber. The chamber consists of a series of stone shelves for the placement of the family's coffins. The shelves all appeared to be bare, much to my morbid curiosity's disappointment. Perhaps the mausoleum was never used or the contents of those shelves has been stolen or removed. The condition of this mausoleum is both saddening and fascinating.

White Mausoleum. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights
reserved.

Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

One of the crumbling corners. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV,
all rights reserved. 

A different angle showing the marsh the mausoleum faces. Photo,
2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Just inside. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all
rights reserved.

Looking down into the burial chamber. Photo 2011, by Lewis
Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Review of the Maple Hill Cemetery Stroll

Huntsville, Alabama's Maple Hill Cemetery recently hosted its annual cemetery stroll. I had a personal invitation to attend this, but finances prevented me from attending, though fellow blogger Jessica Penot, did attend. Enjoy her review!

Columbus, Georgia's Linwood Cemetery will be hosting a similar event on October 27th. 

Jessica's review.

Midway Plantation Slave Cemetery, Brentwood, Tennessee

Courtney Mroch over at Haunt Jaunts shared this marvelously preserved slave cemetery she accidentally discovered in passing. She included a video as well. Check it out!

From Cradle to Grave with Cradle

On a recent jaunt through Atlanta's sepulchral masterpiece, Oakland Cemetery, I was awed by a marvelous cradle carved atop a child's grave. Surprisingly, I can't say that I've seen that many cradles atop or in grave symbolism, so this particular grave fascinated me. Sadly, the work is unsigned and the marble has deteriorated quite a bit. I've adjusted the contrast on these photos so the cradle's details are more evident.

Grave of Joseph Dennis Wing, Oakland Cemetery, Atlanta.
Young Joseph died March 5, 1912. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell
IV, all rights reserved.

Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Charleston, South Carolina's Magnolia Cemetery contains a far more elaborate cradle marking the grave of Rosalie Raymond White. This grave is made all the more haunting by the addition of a death mask of the child underneath the hood of cradle.

Grave of Rosalie Raymond White, Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston
South Carolina. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

The inscription reveals that Rosalie was less than a year old when
she died September 5, 1882. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all
rights reserved.

Rosalie White's death mask. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV,
all rights reserved.

Creative Modern Burial Methods

Sharon Day over at Ghost Hunting Theories blog posted an entry on some interesting modern and not so modern burial methods. Please check it out here!

Le tombeau de Marie Laveau

St. Louis Cemetery No. 1
Basin Street
New Orleans, Louisiana


Among the most important cemeteries in the American South is the St. Louis Cemetery No. 1. Established in 1789, just after a disastrous fire and calamitous epidemics left the original St. Peters Street Cemetery filled, this cemetery continues to be used on occasion, though it is mostly filled. It is the resting place of numerous well-known New Orleanians including the famous "Voudou Priestess," Marie Laveau (1794-1881).

Marie Laveau's tomb, 1999. Photo by jclarson,
courtesy of Wikipedia.

Most of the cemetery here is built above ground. A quote from architect Benjamin Latrobe (who is also buried here) notes that the graves are mostly above ground because of the very high water table. There is some indication that the case is more due to Spanish and French burial traditions. Here these family tombs are reused. A family member would be placed in a wooden coffin and then sealed into one of the shelf-like tombs. After at least a year and a day, the remains would be removed and pushed to the back of the tomb, while the coffin would be burned or reused. The name of the deceased would also be added to a marble plaque sealing the tomb. Therefore, these tombs could hold many people. The Wikipedia article on the cemetery states that some 100,000 people are buried on this acre of land, though I would question that source.

A marvelous engraving showing a Victorian All Saints Day
in one of the cemeteries in New Orleans. All Saints Day in New
Orleans--Decorating the Tombs in One of the City Cemeteries,
by John Durkin, published in Harper's Weekly, November 1885.

The tomb of the Glapion family, where Marie Laveau may be buried, has become one of the most famous monuments in this cemetery and the story has been told that drawing three Xs on the tomb can be the source of good luck. Courtney Mroch of the wonderful paranormal travel blog, Haunt Jaunts, has addressed this legend in a marvelous article. There is some doubt as to whether Madame Laveau is really buried in this tomb.

Sources

Historic Preservation Program, U. of Pennsylvania. "Burial Custom."
     St. Louis Cemetery No. 1. Accessed 23 August 2011.
Historic Preservation Program, U. of Pennsylvania. "Historic Overview."

     St. Louis Cemetery No. 1. Accessed 23 August 2011.
Marie Laveau. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed 23 August
     2011.
Mroch, Courtney. "The Xs on Marie Laveau's Tomb: Vandalism or Voodoo?"
     Haunt Jaunts. 23 August 2011.
St. Louis Cemetery. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed 23 August

     2011.

Henry McCauley's Hands--Waverly Hall Cemetery

Waverly Hall Cemetery
GA Highway 208
Waverly Hall, Georgia


Lately I've been travelling to Columbus, Georgia for work. Once I've finished the work, I've set out to photograph the nearby cemeteries. Columbus' Linwood Cemetery is marvelous and features some incredible funerary art, some of it by local stone carver Henry McCauley. McCauley's work, described in Mary Jane Galer and Linda Kennedy's book on Linwood Cemetery as "museum quality," also appears in the cemetery in Waverly Hall, just down the road.

Working between 1856 and 1879, McCauley produced a number of exquisite monuments. Among them, two monuments in Waverly Hall Cemetery featuring beautifully carved matrimonial hands. These hands, common in Victorian grave symbolism, symbolize holy matrimony. Two hands joined together commonly appear in the symbolism and may have a variety of meanings; but in this case with gender-specific cuffs indicates matrimony.

Both monuments are fairly similar and the Lowe Monument appears to have had a column similar to the Crook Monument. There is a rounded column base on top of the Lowe Monument with a notch in the top for attaching the column. It's interesting to note that, according to the Linwood Cemetery book, McCauley started working in 1856, as the deceased all died prior to that. Of course, sometimes it would take years to get a permanent marker. Both monuments are signed, "H. McCauley, Columbus."

There is also a bit of difference in how the hands are carved. The hands on the Lowe Monument, in my humble opinion, are a better effort and more natural. The fingers appear more relaxed than the stiff fingers on the other monument. Also, note the wrinkles and folds of skin on the thumb on the Lowe Monument, detailing absent from the Crook Monument. The inclusion of a double heart above the hands on the Lowe Monument emphasizes the matrimonial nature of the joined hands.

The Crook Monument erected for Maj. Osborne
Crook, d. 15 October 1851 and his wife, Elizabeth
C. Crook, d. 25 October 183[?]9. Photo 2011,
by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

One pair of hands on the Crook Monument. Photo 2011, by
Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

The opposite side of the Crook Monument. Photo 2011, by
Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

The Lowe Monument, note the natural stone
foundation and coping. This was erected for
General Henry H. Lowe, d. 8 July 1854 and
his wife Mariah H. Lowe, d. 27 November 1852.
Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights
reserved.

The hands and hearts from the Lowe Monument. Photo 2011,
by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

McCauley's signature from the Lowe Monument. The Crook
Monument is signed, but the signature could not be clearly
photographed. Photo 2011, all rights reserved.

Sources
Galer, Mary Jane and Linda Kennedy. Historic Linwood Cemetery.
     Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2004.

A Crying Shame—Bethesda Presbyterian Church (Newsbyte)

Bethesda Presbyterian Church
Russellville, Tennessee

"Ghost hunting" teens vandalizing a historic church and cemetery in eastern Tennessee have been arrested. I covered this in my Southern Spirit Guide blog, here.

Colonials, Confederates and Victorians--Churchyard of Prince George Winyah Episcopal Church

Prince George Winyah Episcopal Church
300 Broad Street
Georgetown, South Carolina


Just the name Prince George Winyah has a colonial feel to it: a mix of honoring royalty and an Indian name, Winyah, the original name of Georgetown. This parish is one of the oldest in South Carolina having been founded in 1721. The church itself dates to around 1750 and I presume the churchyard dates to the same period, though I can currently find nothing to support that. The churchyard is lovely and verdant. If you visit in the mid-summer, be sure to bring some type of insect repellent as the mosquitoes are positively vicious. I wanted to stay longer, but the mosquitoes wanted to feast on me.

View of the cemetery. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV,
all rights reserved.

Late 19th century plot. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all
rights reserved.

Victorian marker for Joanna Ward Pyatt, d. 2 June 1882.
Can anyone identify the flowers on the stone? Photo 2011,
by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Neoclassical stone for Joseph Benjamin Pyatt, d. 28 July 1910.
Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Front of the Neoclassical marker
for M. Lee Ward, d. 9 October
1885. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell
IV, all rights reserved.

Back of the marker for M. Lee Ward,
d. 9 October 1885. Photo 2011, by Lewis
Powell IV, all rights reserved.

An unusual Neoclassical stone for Florence,
daughter of Richard Henry and Eliza Lee, d.
7 February 1883. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell,
IV, all rights reserved.

Back of the stone for Florence Lee. Photo
2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Unusually shaped stone for Charles Garnett Stone,
d. 10 June 1869. Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV,
all rights reserved.

Signature of J.A. Purdell on Charles Garnett Stone's marker.
Photo 2011, by Lewis Powell IV, all rights reserved.

Sources
McCorkle, Norman. National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form
     for Prince George Winyah Episcopal Church. 14 February 1971.
Prince George Winyah Episcopal Church. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.
     Accessed 9 August 2011.